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Conceived in Liberty by Murray Rothbard quotes and then comments.

"The third step, the following year, was the creation by the Privy Council of the network of vice admiralty courts for the colonies, authorized in the Navigation Act. These courts were specially created for the trial and punishment of violators of the Navigation Acts. Prior to 1697, accused violators were tried a the regular common-law colonial courts. This meant that the judges were colonists who probably disapproved of the restrictive laws, and that the trials were by juries almost invariably sympathetic to the violators. To surmount this problem, the Privy Council now commissioned the royal colonial governors as vice admirals, each empowered to create a vice admiralty court under his jurisdiction. The vice admiralty court could now convict violators without the inconvenience of putting the case to a jury of the defendant’s peers, for here trial was conducted by the judge only. The judges, of course, wee royal officials, in effect appointed by the governors, as were all of the vice admiralty court officials. In practice the judges had the full management of the vice admiralty courts; and to ensure diligence in convicting offenders, the judges were paid a percentage of the value of the violator’s goods that they condemned. Enhancing the power of each judge was the fact that each court had one judge only, although in some cases the judge appointed a deputy to try cases; for instance, the judge of the Massachusetts court, the jurisdiction of which covered New Hampshire, appointed a deputy for the latter colony."
Page 452

62
Rhode Island and Connecticut After the Glorious Revolution

"Rhode Island remained one of the most libertarian of the colonies. The Quaker governor John Easton found it impossible, for example, to raise troops in 1691 to join in the war to conquer Canada. The basic cause was inability to impose enough taxation on the colony. The libertarian bent of the colony continued when the non-Quaker Samuel Cranston was elected governor in 1698. A nephew of the former Quaker governor Walter Clarke, Cranston essentially continued Quaker policy. Thus, tax laws were scarcely enforced, and laws in general almost totally ignored in the colony. In 1698 Edward Randolph ranted that “neither judges, juries, nor witnesses were under any obligation.” His explanation for this unusual breadth of liberty and minimization of government in the colony was that “the management of the government (such as it is) was in the hands of Quakers and Anabaptists” who, for one thing, would take no oath. This included a refusal of the Quaker governor, in 1698, to take the required oath to enforce the navigation laws. Neither did Rhode Island impose any government schooling on its citizens. The elected governors of Rhode Island assumed admiralty powers; hence the Quaker governor Walter Clarke refuse to permit the English admiralty judge to function in the province."
Page 468, 469

"Once again, Rhode Island’s disdain for war and the state, its quite obvious lack of patriotic exultation in killing officially declared enemies, brought down upon its head numerous denunciations for being a “rogue’s land.” Dudley complained to the Crown that the colony was “a perfect receptacle of rogues and pirates.” He was particularly bitter that the Quaker-run colony would contribute neither men nor money to the great war to conquer French Canada, which had been resumed in 1701. In fact, the Rhode Islanders went so far as to shelter deserters from the army. In this, of course, Rhode Island was following in its great tradition of being the haven for refugees from all types of state persecution. Dudley was also bitter at Rhode Island’s low taxes; while Massachusetts strained and groaned under a tax burden of 2.200 pounds per month to pay for war against France, Dudley noted that Rhode Island relaxed happily with taxes of less than one penny on the pound."

"As the war with France dragged on, however, Rhode Island began to drift from pacifist and libertarian principles and to tax its resources heavily by contributing men and material. As we shall see in a later volume, Rhode Island, following the lead of Massachusetts, financed the ruinous expeditions against the French by turning to a dangerous and mischievous instrument completely new to the Western world: the creation of paper money. And with the Quakers losing control of the provincial government, the non-Quaker Assembly decided to shift control of the militia to the central government from the towns, where Quaker influence was still strong."
Page 470, 471

The wealth of vital information in this book has me perusing with specific intent to mine the data.

So...the common law (with trial by jury) is placed below the Admiralty Court Systems of enforcing the payments of "taxes" (extortion) to fund such things as Aggressive War for Profit. Does that sound familiar? When the people refuse to pay taxes, and the people provide sanctuary for runaway slaves, the POWER to return to Subsidizes Slavery is the Central Bank Fraud with counterfeit (paper) money.

Does that sound familiar?

From despotism to liberty is the common law with trial by jury.

From liberty to despotism is Counterfeit Courts and Counterfeit Money which makes Counterfeit Government.

Josf-Kelley 8 June 15
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