Attempting to measure something that happens in your subconscious is not only a waste of time but foolish... it's SUBconscious. It it's likely better use of energy to concentrate on your actions and conscious thoughts

Well that would be completely dependant on the brain in question. The strength of your cognitive skills completely dictate the "ratio" you operate at. How much does your subconscious alter your consciousness...completely different story with pretty much the same answer. The greatest irony...the only thing with the power to comprehend a human mind...is the that human mind

Instinct functions on a daily basis regardless if we human beings are aware of such or not. The second part of the question is fairly simple. When you are actively thinking about something, your brain is storing that data for later use.